But bacteria can cause trouble too, as with cavities , urinary tract infections , ear infections , or strep throat. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Viruses are even smaller than bacteria. They aren't even a full cell. They need to use another cell's structures to reproduce.
This means they can't survive unless they're living inside something else such as a person, animal, or plant. Viruses can only live for a very short time outside other living cells.
For example, viruses in infected body fluids left on surfaces like a doorknob or toilet seat can live there for a short time. They'll die quickly unless a live host comes along. When they've moved into someone's body, though, viruses spread easily and can make a person sick.
Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Antiviral medicines have been developed against a small, select group of viruses. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses.
Antiviral medicines have been developed against a small, select group of viruses. Fungi pronounced: FUN-guy are multicelled, plant-like organisms. A fungus gets nutrition from plants, food, and animals in damp, warm environments. Many fungal infections, such as athlete's foot and yeast infections , are not dangerous in a healthy person. People who have weakened immune systems from diseases like HIV or cancer , though, may develop more serious fungal infections.
Protozoa pronounced: pro-toe-ZO-uh are one-celled organisms, like bacteria. But they are bigger than bacteria and contain a nucleus and other cell structures, making them more similar to plant and animal cells. Protozoa love moisture, so intestinal infections and other diseases they cause, such as amebiasis and giardiasis, often spread through contaminated water.
Some protozoa are parasites, which means that they need to live on or in another organism like an animal or plant to survive. Pleconaril works against rhinoviruses, which cause the common cold, by blocking a pocket on the surface of the virus that controls the uncoating process. This pocket is similar in most strains of rhinoviruses and enteroviruses, which can cause diarrhea, meningitis, conjunctivitis, and encephalitis. The problem today with antibiotics or antibacterials, antifungicides, and antiviruses is resistance.
Antimicrobial resistance is resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial drug that was originally effective for treatment of infections caused by it. Resistant microorganisms bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites are able to withstand attack by antimicrobial drugs so that standard treatments become ineffective and infections persist, increasing the risk of spread to others. The evolution of resistant strains is a natural phenomenon that occurs when microorganisms replicate themselves erroneously or when resistant traits are exchanged between them.
When resistance occurs it is necessary to form modified drugs to avoid resistance. For instance, ampicillin and amoxicillin are variants of penicillin to work around resistance of common infections.
Know these keywords and what each word refers to as well as its function. Read over the list. Are all these keywords familiar?
Answer these questions. Do you know the answers, holy cow! Check yourself out in this quiz, and prove that you are a humanology wiz. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Human Physiology, Biochemistry and Basic Medicine. Published online Oct Laurence Cole and Peter R. Copyright and License information Disclaimer. All rights reserved. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVIDrelated research that is available on the COVID resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.
Abstract Bacterial, fungus, and viral infections can be aggressive life-threatening infections or nonhostile relatively mild short-term infections. Table 6. Open in a separate window. Chapter Keywords Know these keywords and what each word refers to as well as its function.
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