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C extensions are a powerful tool to connect Ruby code with C libraries that can perform much faster than a pure Ruby counterpart. The Content-Length header will not allow streaming, but it is useful for large binary files, where you want to support partial content serving. This basically means resumable downloads, paused downloads, partial downloads, and multi-homed downloads. This requires the use of an additional header called Range. This technique is called Byte serving.
The use of Transfer-Encoding: chunked is what allows streaming within a single request or response. This means that the data is transmitted in a chunked manner, and does not impact the representation of the content.
Officially an HTTP client is meant to send a request with a TE header field that specifies what kinds of transfer encodings the client is willing to accept. This is not always sent, however most servers assume that clients can process chunked encodings.
Each chunk starts with its byte length expressed as a hexadecimal number followed by optional parameters chunk extension and a terminating CRLF sequence, followed by the chunk data. The final chunk is terminated by a CRLF sequence. Chunk extensions can be used to indicate a message digest or an estimated progress. They are just custom metadata that your layer 7 receiver needs to parse.
There's no standardised format for it. Because of this, it's probably better to just add your metadata if any into the chunk itself for your layer 7.
For your application to send out chunked data, you must first send out the Transfer-Encoding header, and then you must flush content in chunks according to the chunk format. If you don't have an appropriate HTTP server that handles this, then you need to implement the syntax generator yourself. Sometimes you can use a library to provide an abstract interface. Chunking is a 2 way street. This allows the client to stream the HTTP request. Which is useful for uploading large files.
However not many servers except NGINX support this feature, and most streaming upload implementations rely on Javascript libraries to cut up a binary file and send it by chunks to the server. Using Javascript gives you more control over the uploading experience, but the HTTP protocol would be the most simplest. Browsers natively support chunked data. So if your server sends chunked data, they will start rendering data as soon as they receive it.
However there's a buffer limit that browsers need to receive before it starts rendering them. This is different for each browser, but generally it's 1KB. In most cases, you'll need to attach a callback handler that executes upon each chunk of data. This should mean that your API will need to frame each chunk in a useful manner. If the API is doing too many chunks, you may end up needing to buffer the data up into a "semantic protocol data unit" PDU before you can work on it.
This of course defeats the purpose of chunking in the first place. For example in PHP, you can use the Guzzle library or curl. In considering performance, you want to make sure that you're not producing way too chunky data. The more "chunking" you do, the more overhead that exists in both producing the chunks and parsing the chunks. Furthermore, it also results in more executions of buffering functions if the receiver can't make immediate use of the chunks.
Chunking isn't always the right answer, it adds extra complexity on the recipient. So if you're sending small units of things that won't gain much from streaming, don't bother with it! Do note that byte serving is compatible with chunked encoding, this would be applicable where you know the total content length, want to allow partial or resumable downloads, but you want to stream each partial response to the client. It is also possible to compress chunked or non-chunked data. This is practically done via the Content-Encoding header.
Note that the Content-Length is equal to the length of the body after the Content-Encoding. This means if you have gzipped your response, then the length calculation happens after compression. You will need to be able to load the entire body in memory if you want to calculate the length unless you have that information elsewhere.
When streaming using chunked encoding, the compression algorithm must also support online processing. Thankfully, gzip supports stream compression. I believe that the content gets compressed first, and then cut up in chunks. Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Sign up using Facebook. Sign up using Email and Password. Post as a guest Name. Email Required, but never shown. The Overflow Blog.
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Dakota Lillie Follow. Two Methods: Form Data vs. Base64 There are two approaches for uploading files that you can choose from: using form data or encoding files into base64 strings. This might not be important or even desirable behavior for you — however, it was an important factor for me. Paperclip and CarrierWave make it easy to add preprocessing to your uploads.
But Paperclip and CarrierWave are designed to make this sort of processing almost trivially easy. Let the community know by clicking the heart! Contributors Thanks to the following users who've…. Or maybe its a Hollywood-style reboot, only not shit. Way back when, I wrote a little….
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